District Profile

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA DIMAPUR

ICAR RESEARCH COMPLEX FOR NEH REGION

NAGALAND CENTRE, JHARNAPANI

MEDZIPHEMA-797 106, NAGALAND

About Dimapur District:

1. Introduction

Dimapur is the 8^th district of Nagaland established in December 1997 and lies between 25⁰48’ and 26⁰00’North latitude and 93⁰30’ and 93⁰54’ East longitude.The district is bounded by Assam on its North and West, Kohima on the East and Peren District in the South. The district comprises of four blocks and 11 agricultural circles with an area of 927 Square kilometers. Medziphema block has a total area 345 sq. Km. with 67 revenue villages. Likewise, Dhansiripar block is spread over 130 sq.Km area with 28 revenue villages, Nieuland block has a total area 305 sq. Km approximately 59 revenue villages whereas Kuhuboto block has a total area of 147 sq. Km.with 38 revenue villages. Of the four blocks Niuland sub-division is managed by an Additional Deputy Commissioner and rest of blocks are manned by SDO (Civil).

2.1 Historical genesis of the district:

Dimapur the eighth district of Nagaland, was formed out of the Dimapur sub-division and Niuland sub-division of the then undivided Kohima district in December 1997. At present, the district is bounded by Kohima in East, Peren in South, Karbi Anlong district of Assam in the West and Golaghat district of Assam in the North.

The district has a heterogeneous population with majority comprising of Naga tribes from all over the Nagaland. There is sizable population of non-tribal living in the town areas. Although notified town of Dimapur district has remained the same, the neighboring villages /settlement have expanded considerably over the years merging with town boundery to form a length of more than 13 kms. In addition, there is sizeable rural population in the Sub-division of Niuland, Kuhuboto, Dhansiripar and Medziphema blocks. The total population of the district as per 2001 census is 3, 08,382. The main factor contributing to large increase in population of the district is migration from other parts of state. There is also considerable migration from Assam.

Dimapur town is the commercial hub of the state and is the magnet around which the economic and developmental activities of the district are centered; it is one of the fastest developing township of the North East. The business of the town can trace their history to British times. The town is also a gateway to Nagaland and Manipur state. It is an important rail head and also has an airport. The National Highway 39 that connects Kohima, Imphal and Myanmar border of Moreh runs through Dimapur District.

2.2 Traditional, cultural and social identity of district

The name Dimapur comes from the Kachari dialect. Etymologically di means "river", ma means "big" and pur means "city"; in effect, the name means "the city near the great river." The Kachari tribe did not have a name for this city, though the Ahoms called it Che-din-chi-pen, or "the brick city". It was also called Che-dima, meaning "city on the Dima River" and it was once the ancient capital of 13th century Kachari rulers. "Dimapur" is a later appellation.

The ancient Kachari capital Dimapur is one of the important sites of the megalithic culture. Most of the ruins appear to be contemporise with the Kachari civilization, established before the Ahom invasion in the 13^th centuary A.D. There is also evidence of a touch of Hindu influence on most of them, though these are predominantly Non –Aryan, with elaborate rituals and the cult of fertility. Besides the monoliths the ancient Kachari capital Dimapur contains other ruins of temples, embankments and tanks.

Dimapur city, the major commercial hub in Nagaland, has a heterogeneous mix of people from all over India, and for which it is also known as "mini India." Besides the dominant Naga tribes who comprises about 50% of the city's population, other prominent groups include Bengalis, Assamese, Nepalese, Biharis, Marwaris, Punjabis and also Tamils and Keralites. In the last two decades, Tibetan traders have also settled in the city.

In Dhansiripahar sub division, the tribes inhabiting the area is predominantly Angami, Sumi, Kachari and Chakhesang while in Medziphema sub division, the Angami tribe is predominant although a few Kuki and Sumi villages are also found. In Kuhuboto and Niuland sub divisions, the Sumis are the predominant tribe inhabiting the areas. All these tribes have their own customary laws which dominate their social life. The Village Councils are the local bodies through which such customary laws are enacted. The norms and traditions regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, death etc are governed by such customary laws. Disputes regarding land, water and such resources and even personal disputes are very often resolved based on these customary laws.

Fig: Diezephe-The craft village of the district

In Dimapur district, all these tribes also celebrate their own indigenous cultural festivals. The following is a brief write up on the festivals of the major tribes that inhabit the district. The Angami tribe celebrates Sekrenyi in the month of February. It normally falls on the 25th day of the Angami month of Kezei. The ten-day festival is also called Phousanyi by the Angami's. The festivals follows a circle of ritual and ceremony, the first being “Kizie” followed by “Dsuseva” (touching the sleeping water) sacrifices are also made during this time.

Ahuna is a traditional post harvest festival of the Sumi tribe. Ahuna signifies the celebration of the seasons harvest's in thanks giving, while evoking the spirits for good fortune in the New Year Tuluni is a festival of great significance. The festival is marked with feast as the occasion occurs in the bountiful season of the year.

It may be mentioned that other tribes who have settled in Dimapur also celebrate their festivals with as much pomp and gaiety. The Ao tribe observes Moatsü Mong after the sowing is done. It provides the Aos a period of recreation after the strenuous job. The festival marked by vigorous songs and dances merry making and fun is now observed only for three days from 1-3 May. The Aos have another festival called Tsungrem Mong celebrated on the eve of harvest from 1 to 3 August. These festivals provide opportunities to the building generation and village stalwart to demonstrate their intellectual skill and physical powers.

The Tokhu Emong is the harvest festival of the Lothas. Tokhu Emong is celebrated on November 7, every year. The main features of the feast are community songs, dances, feast fun and frolic. Tokhu Emong is also a festival of thanksgiving, sharing and reconciliation but the most beautiful aspect of this festival is that past rancor's are forgiven, new ties are formed and bonds of closer intimacy are formed.

The Chakhesang community celebrate the Suhkruhnye festival on15th January which is their most important festival. All the tribes celebrate their distinct seasonal festivals with much gaiety and community feasting. Most of these festivals revolve round agriculture, since it is the main-stay of Naga society. Over 85% population of Nagaland is directly dependent on agriculture and lives in a thousand and odd villages situated on high hill tops or slopes overlooking verdant valleys humming with murmuring streams.

Table 1. Demographic over View of Dimapur district

Dimapur district profile at a glance
Total geographic area	927 sq. Km(92700 ha)
Location	25⁰48’ & 26⁰00’North latitude and 93⁰30’ & 93⁰54’ east longitude
Number of villages	204
Number of households	28762
Population a) Male b) Female c) Male/female ratio	308382 166335 142047 1.5:1
Density of population	332 per sq km
Literacy % a) Male b) Female	78.15% 82.16% 73.34
Climate	subtropical
Temperature	10⁰-40⁰C
Soil pH	4.5-6.0
rainfall	1500-2000 mm
Altitude	140-600 mt(ASL)
Major rivers	Dhansiri, Diphu, Chathe, Zubza

2.3 Agricultural marketing System- Marketing of Agricultural produce is mainly done by weekly market, held at different places on different days in a week, i.e., local weekly markets. The farmers are selling their produce at lower prices prevailing in market. To promote the marketing of agricultural produce, Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee(APMC) has been proposed in the district. Under the supervision of APMC, Agricultural Produce Marketing Subcommittee and Village Market committee has been constituted. In Village market committee - one member of each farming house hold is member and one lady member of farming community is must. The office bearer will consist of Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive members. 10 APMSC has been proposed and 10 Sub Market Yards are also proposed. Two APMC is proposed one in Dimapur and other in Niuland. APMC will be affiliated with Nagaland Agricultural Marketing Board.

Fig: Friday local market at Medziphema

2.4 Agro-Ecological situations

Major portion of Dimapur district lies in plain sector except Medziphema block. The plain sector consist of 3 blocks namely Dhansiripar, Niuland, and Kuhuboto having identical topography, rainfall, type of soil and source of irrigations, whereas, the Medziphema blocks is at higher altitude to that of other blocks

Fig: Agro-ecological situations in Dimapur

Table No. 2.

Sl. No.	Name of AES	Situation	Crop grown	Cropping pattern
1	AES-I	High rainfall, lowland area and sandy clay loam	Paddy , maize, Soybean, mustard, Linseed, black gram, cabbage	Paddy-mustard Paddy-maize Paddy-linseed Maize-black gram Soybean-fallow Paddy-cabbage
2	AES-II	High rainfall/upland area and loamy sand	Paddy , maize, Soybean, ginger, pineapple	Paddy-fallow Maize –fallow Soybean- fallow Ginger -fallow

3. Agriculture in Dimapur district

The agriculture in the district is TRC, rainfed and tradional. By and large mono cropping is practiced in the district. The TRC paddy alone covers an area of 32,900 ha where as Jhum covers about 7,800 ha. Besides the second important crop in the district is Kharif, Maize covers about 2500ha. Maize is generally grown as a inter crop with jhum paddy. Winter maize is also grown in certain blocks of the district which covers about 460 ha.

Fig: Paddy and Maize Production in Dimapur district

Important Pulses are also grown in the district include pea, lentil, black gram, beans, green gram, arhar, These are grown over an area of 1360 ha, in both Kharif and Rabi season.

With the favourable agro climatic condition, oilseeds such as groundnut, soybean, sesame, sunflower, mustard, linseed, etc. are grown in an area of 5800 ha. Commercially viable crops such as sugarcane, ginger, jute, turmeric, tea, potato etc are also grown in the district covering an area of 1,580 ha. Mechanized farming is encouraged, by providing 50% subsidy on power-tillers.

Table 3. Agricultural statistics Crops, Area, Production and Productivity

Sl. No.	Crop	Area hectares	Production MT	Productivity q /ha
	Cereals
	Jhum paddy	9360.00	14080.00	15.04
	TRC paddy	25720.00	41170.00	16.01
	Maize	1082.00	1807.00	16.70
	Jowar	220.00	200.00	9.09
	Small millets	3720.00	2280.00	6.13
	Wheat	400.00	280.00	70.00
	Total cereal	50240.00	76080

	Pulses
	Tur / Arhar	3160.00	3670.00	11.61
	Urd/ Moong	330.00	480.00	14.54
	Naga Dal	500.00	650.00	13.00
	Beans	290.00	330.00	11.38
	Kharif Pulses	300.00	380.00	12.67
	Pea	1070.00	1310.00	12.24
	Lentil	640.00	730.00	11.40
	Gram	60.00	90.00	15.00
	Other Rabi pulses	1210.00	1390.00	11.49
	Black gram	610.00	730.00	11.97
	Rajmash	170.00	200.00	11.76
	Total pulses	8340.00	9960.00

	Oil seeds
	Groundnut	150.00	140.00	9.33
	Soyabean	5130.00	6170.00	12.03
	Sesame	850.00	550.00	6.47
	Sunflower	690.00	610.00	8.84
	Niger	320.00	260.00	8.12
	Rapeseed / Mustard	14400.00	11430.00	7.94
	Linseed	2210.00	1650.00	7.47
	Total oilseed	23740.00	20810.00

	Commercial crops
	Sugarcane	2360.00	135880.00	575.76
	Cotton	180.00	30.00	1.66
	Jute	1430.00	4840.00	33.84
	Potato	640.00	5850.00	91.41
	Tea	340.00	1820.00	53.53
	Ginger	500.00	4390.00	87.80
	Cardamom	280.00	430.00	15.36
	Total Commercial Crops	5730.00	153240.00

Source: Statistical handbook of Nagaland 2007

Fig: Production of field crops in Metric tonnes during Kharif and Rabi 2007 – 2008

Source: DAO, Dimapur

4. Horticulture of Dimapur district

In Nagaland, fruits and vegetables are produced in 25000 and 26300 ha with the total production of 25600-32000 tonnes, respectively of which Dimapur district contributes major portion of production. Commercial cultivation of pineapple, banana, cashew nut and lemon is also followed in the district.The Horticulture Technology Mission (HTM) has helped to a great extent in popularizing the cultivation of horticultural crops including floriculture.

4.1 Horticulture Potential:

The state of Nagaland in general and Dimapur in particular has been gifted with a unique topography and varied agro – climatic and soil conditions, which offers opportunities to cultivate a variety of horticultural crops like vegetables and fruits. Among vegetables spring summer ( cucurbits, bhindi beans), summer (cucurbits, bhindi, beans) as well as winter vegetables( cabbage, cauliflowers, carrot, radish, palak, pea,etc.) are being cultivated in the districts. Fruits like pineapple, guava, lemon, litchi, and mango are the major ones covering the area in district. Among floriculture, the commercial crop is Anthurium.

Table 4. Area, Production and Productivity of Horticultural crops;

Sl no.	Crop	Area ha	Production MT	Productivity q/ha
Vegetable and Spices
1	Sweet potato	20	50	25
2	Cabbage	20	40	20
3	Cauliflower	65	71	10.92
4	Brinjal	22	23	10.45
5	Chilly	100	170	17
6	Pea	42	341	81.20
7	Beans	30	50	16.67
8	Bhindi	30	31	10.33
9	Tomato	100	50	50
10	Ginger	200	750	37.50
11	Garlic	30	25	8.33
12	Radish	30	25	8.33
13	Colocasia	100	1050	105.00
14	Black pepper	34	4	1.33
15	Turmeric	40	60	15
16	Leafy vegetable	200	450	22.5
17	Others	100	1000	100
Fruits
18	Orange	100	55	5.5
19	Lemon	500	150	3.0
20	Pomelo	40	90	22.5
21	Pomegranate	20	20	10
22	Papaya	42	43	10.24
23	Banana	43	160	37.21
24	Guava	30	140	46.67
25	Mango	30	10	3.33
26	Litchi	100	50	5
26	Jack fruit	60	70	11.67
27	Pineapple	400	1570	39.25
28	Others	30	300	100

Source: Statistical Handbook of Nagaland 2007

Fig.- 8 Banana , pineapple and vegetable production in Dimapur district

5. Animal Husbandry in Dimapur

Under our socio-economic and socio-cultural condition, the state needs job-led economic growth strategy based on pro-nature, pro-poor and pro-women policies of orientation and its dissemination. The role of livestock and poultry farming in livelihood earning of farmers is enormous. Dairy farming is being practiced by a number of farmers in the district. The milk is being collected by the Dimapur Milk Union Limited at 4^th Mile Dimapur and is processed for the production of milk products like milk packets, curd and ghee etc. The dairy farming is mainly practiced by Nepalese and other state people. Pig and poultry is very common in the district. In rural areas of the district each and every household has 1-2 pigs and 5-6 nos. of poultry birds in the backyard of house. After poultry, duck is being reared in the district. Goat and rabbit is limited to small number only.

Fig.-9 Status of livestock in Dimapur district

Total production of Milk meat and eggs in Dimapur district

Produce	Total requirement (2008)	Dimapur production MT	Short fall
Meat ‘000 MT	13582.33	11500.00	-2082.33
Milk ‘000 MT	23912.56	34716.00	Surplus 10803.44
Egg lakh in numbers	398.54	269.02	-129.52

Source: Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Kohima

Table 6. Carcass yield of meat animals

Species	Av. slaughter age (month )	Av. live weight (kg)	Av. carcass weight (kg)
Cattle	3 6	150-180	130
Buffalo	36	200-250	175
Pig	12	100	75
sheep / goat	12	40-50	22
Poultry	2	2-5	1.5 kg

Source: Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Kohima

Table. 7. Milk yield by type of Animals

Type of animal	Milk yield (litres/day)
Cross bred cattle	3.78-5.40
Indigenous cattle	0.950-1.556
Buffalo	0.925-1.515
Goat	0.140-0.426

5.1 Cattle production system

In the district most of the farmers leave their cattle for free grazing except during paddy cultivation period. However some farmers’ follow stall fed system.

5.2 Mithun production System

The Mithuns are not reared in the district. But in Mezdiphema, block National Research Centre on Mithun was established in 1988. The 76 Mithuns of Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Strains are being maintained by NRC-M for experimental purposes.

5.3 Goat production system

For goat rearing free grazing system is followed.

5.4 Pig production system

In pig production both loose and stall fed system is practiced. In piggery, most of the farmers follow stall fed system with kitchen waste and locally available feeds like Colocacia leaves and stem, rice polish, wheat bran etc. The Veterinary department is trying to provide the health services by organizing the veterinary camps and trainings. There animals are examined, vaccinated and medicines are provided as per need. (Photo-pig rearing)

Fig.- Pig rearing system in farmer’s field

5.5 Poultry production System

Most of the farmers follow backyard system of poultry rearing, however, some farmers with higher number of poultry birds follows deep litter system. In case of backyard poultry system, the birds are fed with broken rice / maize seeds in morning and evening. The birds are more prone to diseases due to unhygienic conditions.

Fig.- Poultry production system in Dimapur district

5.6 Constraints, Strategies, Technological intervention and Action plan of different Livestock Production System

	Availability of improved breed of livestock and poultry
	Financial assistance to the farmers through financial institutions to promote dairy farming and large scale poultry and pig rearing.
	Non availability of proper animal health care in the remote villages due to bad road condition

Strategies:

	Improved breeds of livestock’s like Cross bred of Jersy or Holstein Freisen, Pig eg., Large black, Hampshire and Burmese Black, among the poultry Giriraja, Vanaraja and Kuroiler birds should be readily available to the through KVK and other Govt. intervention. Farmers Intervention Group (FIG) on livestock and poultry can also multiply the animals under the supervision of Veterinary Doctors.
	Financial assistance should be made available to the needy and interested farmers to go for large scale farming of livestock or poultry.
	Animal health care should be provided by organizing Animal health camps in the remote villages from time to time before the spread of any particular disease.
	Road communication should be improved by improving the link roads.

Technological intervention and action plan

	Training and demonstrations on livestock, dairy and poultry.
	Veterinary health camps.
	Upgradation pf local cattle by cross breeding.
	Vaccination of livestock and poultry like FMD, Swine fever, HS, BQ and ND.
	Popularization of fodder cultivation by organizing trainings and field demonstrations.

6. Fisheries in Dimapur district

6.1 Introduction and potentials of fisheries

Dimapur district has got good potential for fishery development in dams, rivers, ponds and small lakes, which is under progress in some areas like in Zuheshe Village under Niuland Sub Division, and a big fishery development project is also under progress near Seithekima- A village. The district has a lot of marshy land which can be developed into ponds and fish farming will raise economic status of the rural poor. Fishery department is assisting the rural poor by providing fingerlings under renovation scheme. Paddy cum fish culture is being practiced in the valley or low lying areas of the district. The department of fisheries has constructed the dams in Chathe river to improved the condition of fish farming in the district.

Fig.- Fish farming in the Dimapur district

6.2. Current area under Fisheries production and productivity

Though the district has the potential for development of fisheries, the total area of the fish farming is only 1170.81 hectares (source – Dept. of Fisheries, Govt. of Nagaland). The production statistics for the district is not available. KVK Dimapur is in the process of building a data base on fisheries by 2010. Under Renovation scheme Fingerlings were distributed by the department of fisheries, Govt. of Nagaland, during 2004 -05 for Dimapur district.

Table No. 8

Number of Fishery ponds	99 numbers
Fingerlings supplied	129 lacs
Production	375 MT
Number of beneficiaries	55 numbers

Source: Statistical handbook of Nagaland 2007

7. Sericulture in Dimapur district

The entire district of Dimapur is unique in large Bio- Diversity of Sericigenous Flora and Fauna, Climatic and Soil conditions prevailing in the Entire District of Dimapur is also suitable for Commercial Exploitation of all four varieties of Silkworms Viz- Mulberry, Eri, Muga and Tsar. Among these four verities of Silk activities, Eri culture and Muga culture have gained popularity in the District.

7.1 Block wise area under cultivation in silkworm food plants and productivity of silk

During the year 2008 the production of disease free laying , cocoons and silk of Dimapur District Block-wise till date is:-

Table 9. Mulberry Area in acres.

Sl no.	Block	Area covered	Dfls Reared.	Cocoons Kgs.	Silk Kgs.
1.	Kuhuboto.	10	525	166.95	16.69
2	Niuland	28	1537	488.77	48.87
3.	Medziphema.	100	4200	1335.60	133.56
4.	Dhanseripar.	50	2375	755.25	75.53
	Total	188	8637	2746.51	274.65

Source: Deputy Director, Sericulture , Dimapur

Table 10. Eri Area in Acres.

Sl no.	Block	Area covered	Dfls Reared.	Cocoons (MT).	Silk (MT)
1.	Kuhuboto.	21	16800	1.85	1.57
2	Niuland	53	42600	4.69	3.98
3.	Medziphema.	207	165600	18.22	15.48
4.	Dhanseripar.	295	23600	25.96	22.07
	Total	188	4.61Lakhs	50.72	43.10

Source: Deputy Director, Sericulture , Dimapur

Table 11. Muga. Area in Acre.

Sl no.	Block	Area covered	Dfls Reared.	Production of cocoons(MT).	Silk Production(MT)
1.	Kuhuboto.	-	-	-	-
2	Niuland	50	-	-	-
3.	Medziphema.	77	-	-	-
4.	Dhanseripar.	133	-	-	-
	Total	250

Source: Deputy Director, Sericulture , Dimapur

7.2. Constraintsv, strategy and action plan

It is seen that of the four types of Silkworm Rearing(Mulberry,Muga,Eri and Tasar) practiced in Nagaland ,in Dimapur Districts only three types of silkworm rearing namely Mulberry, Eri and Muga are practiced by the Farmers ,of which, Eri and Muga silkworm rearing are most popular. However, it is found that lot of constraints are being faced by the Farmers in the field which is found to be un-organized. The following Gap/Constraints are identified.

Lack of Knowledge on improved method of rearing silkworms and plantation of silkworm food plants.
Inadequate supply of quality silkworm seeds for Mulberry, Eri and Muga.
Inadequate infrastructure for silkworm seed production.
Inadequate space for scientific silkworm rearing at Farm level.
Lack of sufficient rearing appliances such as rearing trays, rearing stands, leave chamber etc.
Need for suitable device for taking out pupa by opening Eri cocoons.
Need for competence enhancement and skill up gradation at various levels.
Lack of organized marketing system

To address the above gap in the field it is felt that the following interventions are felt necessary under the present project.

Technological Intervention:

1 Introduction of high yielding varieties of muga food plants.

2 Introduction of perennial variety of castor and Kesseru plants in the farm level.

3 Popularization of latest package and practices of raising of systematic eri and muga food plants.

4 Effort to increase the production of quality silkworm eggs of muga and eri.

5 Impart necessary training and skill up gradation for the rural farmers, particularly women.

6 Provide technological support in the pre-cocoon process.

Marketing Intervention:

	Support the farmers / society in locating /developing market for cocoons and silk.
	Exposure of the end products at national and international levels by participating in expos/fairs.

Financial Intervention:

	Financial support to the farmers for adaptation of latest technological interventions for rising and maintenance of plantation, silkworm rearing and harvesting of cocoons.
	Support to farmers for improving their rearing capacity by providing necessary infrastructure like rearing appliances, rearing house and other facilities.

Social Intervention:

	Encourage farmers to adopt latest method of package of practice.
	Involvement of women’s in economic activities thereby promoting women empowerment.
	Encourage farmers to work in group by group formations.

Source: Deputy director, Department of Sericulture, Dimapur

8. Forestry in Dimapur district.

Before the state of Nagaland was separated from Assam, Dimapur Forest division was under Dhansiri valley forest division of Assam till the constitution of Naga Hills, separated from Assam in the year 1958 alongwith Tuensang and Mon area (NEFA). There is no Forest division worth name in Naga Hills except few Forest Offices viz. Rangapahar Range with Beat Offices under range at Dimapur and Nichugard (Chumukedima). Dimapur forest division as Kohima forest division came into being headed by a Deputy conservator of Forest with headquarter at Dimapur alongwith the creation of a new unit called Naga Hills Tuensang Area (NHTA) in the year 1961. The then Kohima forest division covers the present district of Kohima , Peren, Mokokchung, Zunheboto, Wokha, and part of Tuensang, Mon, Longlen and Kipheri with its range and Beat Offices at Rangapahar , Kohima, Nichgard (Chumukdema), Mokokchung and Naganimora for managing the reserved forests viz. Rangapahar R.F. , Singphan R.F. and Intanki R.F.

8.1. The forest type

Under the district is mostly Northern Tropical Semi Evergreen forest (2B). Forest cover of the district as per 2005 SFR report as follows :

1. Dense forest – 140.00 sq km

2. Open forest – 266.00 sq km

3. Scrub forest – 6.00 sq km

4. Non forest – 4.00 sq km

Total = 416.00 sq km

8.2. Legal status of forest

1. Reserved forest – 62.26sq km

2. Purchased land – 8.1238 sq km

3. Zoological parks – 4.700 sq km

Total = 75.0838 sq km

Source: DFO, Dept of Forest, Dimapur

8.3 Constraints, Strategy and Action plan

The division with a total dense forest cover of 140 sq km includes reserved forest for 62.66 sq km and purchased land for 8.1238 sq km. However, land encroachment is the major problem. Community Wildlife Sanctuary and Community Botanical Garden through people and community participation in conservation of the rich natural resource of the district is the alternative for the land encroachment. Financial assistance is provided to villagers for planting of forest tree saplings.

Source: DFO, Dept of Forest, Dimapur

9. Medicinal and Aromatic plants

There are a lot of medicinal plants locally available in the district and are being used by the local doctors called Kaviraj. Many of these have not been identified and documented so there is urgent need of identification and documentation of these potential spps. Some of the species cultivated of large scale include, Tulsi (Green and Black both), Chiraita (King leaf), Aloevera etc. Citronella / lemon grass are also being promoted for cultivation in the district during 2001-02.

9.1 Area under different Medicinal and Aromatic plants

Area under cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants is 200 hectares and production is about 300 MT (Statistical Handbook of Nagaland- 2007)

9.2. Constraints, Strategy and Action plan-

Lack of awareness of indigenous medicinal plants. Identification and documentation of indigenous medicinal plants must be taken care of. The climate and soil conditions are very much suitable for cultivation of Lemon grass. During 2001-02 many farmers have started cultivation of Lemon grass but stopped after 2 -3 years due to lack of processing units. So development of processing unit for extraction of Oil and Oleoresins are necessary for the promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants in the district. Patchouli and Vanilla are being promoted by Department of Land Resources, Govt. of Nagaland, Dimapur for cultivation in the district but due to lack of marketing and processing units the farmers are being discouraged so development of market infrastructure and marketing channels and processing unit for extraction of Oil and Oleoresins need to be taken care of.

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